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Article
Bone Regeneration Using a Three-Dimensional Hexahedron Channeled BCP Block Combined with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Rat Calvarial Defects
So-Yeun Kim 1 , † , Eun-Bin Bae 2 , † , Jae-Woong Huh 2 , 3 , Jong-Ju Ahn 2 , Hyun-Young Bae 2 , Won-Tak Cho 2 and Jung-Bo Huh 2 , *

1. Department of Prosthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea

2. Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea

3. Seroun Dental Clinic, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48445, Korea
* Correspondence: neoplasia96@hanmail.net; Tel.: +82-10-8007-9099; Fax: +82-55-360-5134
† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received: 3 July 2019; Accepted: 29 July 2019; Published: 31 July 2019

Abstract: It is important to obtain suficient bone mass before implant placement on alveolar bone, and synthetic bone such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) has been studied to secure this. This study used a BCP block bone with a specific structure of the three-dimensional (3D) hexahedron channel and coating with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used to examine the enhancement of bone regeneration of this biomaterial in rat calvarial defect. After the preparation of critical-size calvarial defects in fifteen rats, defects were divided into three groups and were implanted with the assigned specimen (n = 5): Boneplant (untreated 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block), Boneplant/CMC (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC), and Boneplant/CMC/BMP (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC containing rhBMP-2). After 4 weeks, the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were conducted to measure the newly formed bone. Histologically, defects in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group were almost completely filled with new bone compared to the Boneplantand Boneplant/CMC groups. The new bone volume (P < 0.05) and area (P < 0.001) in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group (20.12% ± 2.17, 33.79% ± 3.66) were much greater than those in the Boneplant (10.77% ± 4.8, 16.48% ± 9.11) and Boneplant/CMC (10.72% ± 3.29, 16.57% ± 8.94) groups, respectively. In conclusion, the 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block adapted rhBMP-2 with carrier CMC showed high possibility as an efective bone graft material.

Keywords: biphasic calcium phosphate; bone regeneration; bone substitute; recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; carboxymethyl cellulose